O-Ring Material Chart Rubber Selection Guide Quick Reference

13 Apr.,2024

 

O-Ring Material Chart - Quick Selection Guide

Compare O-Ring Material Use Compatibility Differences

O-ring material family chemical compatibility, temperature resistance, and other properties all factor in to o-ring material selection for an application. This popular o-ring material family comparison shows basic rubber material family properties and performance plastic properties. The guide includes generalized recommended o-ring mateiral uses and non-recommended uses with typical material mechanical properties. Specific material compound formulations can significantly alter the general performance properties.

Click a material family row for details and compounds

Material

Temperature Range

Relative Price

Recommended Uses

Not Recommended For

Common Industry Applications:

Mechanical Properties

FFKM

(Perfluoroelastomer, Markez®, Chemraz® / Kalrez® / Simriz®) Standard: 5°F to 550°F
Specialty: -50°F to 650°F High Cost of Maintenence or Downtime
High Temperature Resistance
O-ring Chemical Resistance
Low Out Gassing
Chlorine Wet/Dry
Petroleum Oil
Chlorinated Hydrocarbons Molten metals
Gaseous Alkali Metals
Halogenated Freons/Fluids
Uranium Hexafluoride
Oil and Gas Explosive Decompression Resistant O-rings (Norsok O-rings, NACE O-rings)
Life Science Industry Seals
Medical O-rings and Pharma Industry Seals (USP Class VI O-rings, ISO 10993 O-rings)
Food and Beverage Manufacturing O-rings (Food & Drug Administration O-rings)
Semicon O-rings (SEM O-rings, Ultra High Purity Seals, Low Outgassing Seals, Low Particulate O-rings) Good Wear Resistance
Good Compression Set Resistance
Moderate Short-Term Resilience
Good Permeation Resistance

Buna-N

(Nitrile) Order O-rings Online Standard: -35°F to 250°F
Specialty: -70°F to 275°F Silicone Greases / Oils
Water
Petroleum Oils / Fuels
Ethylene Glycol Fluids Ketones (MEK)
Halogenated Hydrocarbons
Auto / Aircraft Brake Fluids
Strong Acids
Sunlight, Ozone,  Weathering Oil and Gas Seals
Explosive Decompression Resistant O-rings (Norsok M-710 Seals, NACE TM0297 Seals)
Automotive Fuel and Oil Seals
Military Applications (MIL Spec Compliant Seals) Good Wear Resistance
Good Compression Set Resistance
Good Short-Term Resilience
Good Permeation Resistance

Viton®

(Fluorocarbon Type A) Order O-rings Online Standard: -15°F to 437°F
Specialty: -54°F to 437°F Vacuum
Most Acids / Chemicals
Halogenated Hydrocarbons
Di-Ester Lubricants
Petroleum Oils / Fuels
Silicone Oils / Greases Ketones (MEK)
Auto / Aircraft Brake Fluids
Amines (Ammonia)
Acetone, Skydrol, Ethyl Acetate
Hot Water and Steam (except specialty grades)
Low Molecular Esters and Ethers Chemical Processing Industry Seals (CPI Seals)
Aerospace Seals (SAE, AMS, MIL Compliant Seals)
Explosive Decompression (RGD) Resistant Oil and Gas Industry Seals (Norsok M-710 O-rings, NACE TM0297 O-rings)
Automotive Fuel O-rings and Oil Seals Good Wear Resistance
Excellent Compression Set Resistance
Moderate Short-Term Resilience
Excellent Permeation Resistance

Silicone

Order O-rings Online Standard: -65°F to 400°F
Specialty: -100°F to 500°F Dry Heat
Wide Temperature Range
Sunlight, Ozone,  Weathering
Odorless and Non-Toxic Ketones (MEK)
Acids
Silicone Oils
Brake Fluids Life Science Industry Seals
Drug and Pharma Industry Seals (USP Class VI O-rings, ISO 10993 O-rings)
Medical Tubing and Seals (USP Class VI Tubing, ISO 10993 Tubing)
Food and Beverage Contact Seals (FDA O-rings, NSF-51 O-rings, 3-A Sanitary O-rings)
Drinking Water Seals (NSF-61 O-rings, WRAS O-rings, KTW O-rings)
Semiconductor Equipment Seals and Wafer Manufacturing (Ultra High Purity O-rings, Low Outgassing O-rings) Poor Wear Resistance
Excellent Compression Set Resistance
Poor Short-Term Resilience
Excellent Permeation Resistance

EPDM

(Ethylene Propylene) Standard: -65°F to 300°F
Specialty: -65°F to 300°F Sunlight, Ozone,  Weathering
Hot Water and Steam
Auto / Aircraft Brake Fluids
Some Acids and Bases
Ketones and Alcohols
Plumbing Petroleum Oils
Fuels Life Science Industry O-rings
Pharma and Medical Grade O-rings (USP Class VI Seals, ISO 10993 Seals)
Food Grade O-rings (FDA Rubber Sheet, NSF-51 Seals, 3-A Sanitary Rubber)
Drinking Water O-rings (NSF-61 Compliant Gaskets, WRAS Compliant Gaskets, KTW Compliant Gaskets) Good Wear Resistance
Good Compression Set Resistance
Moderate Short-Term Resilience
Good Permeation Resistance

Material

Temperature Range

Relative Price

Recommended Uses

Not Recommended For

Common Industry Applications:

Mechanical Properties

Aflas®

(TFE/P)

Standard: 32°F to 450°F
Specialty: -15°F to 450°F Vacuum
Most Acids / Solvents
Halogenated Hydrocarbons
Di-Ester Lubricants
Petroleum Oils / Fuels
Amines (Ammonia)
Bases
Steam Ketones (MEK)
Auto / Aircraft Brake Fluids
Acetone, Skydrol, Ethyl Acetate
Low Molecular Esters and Ethers Chemical Processing Industry O-rings (CPI O-rings)
Oil and Gas Drilling O-rings (ED Resistant O-rings, Norsok M-710 Seals, NACE TM0297 Seals)
Automotive O-rings and Oil Seals Good Wear Resistance
Moderate Compression Set Resistance
Moderate Short-Term Resilience
Excellent Permeation Resistance

Neoprene®

(Chloroprene) Standard: -35°F to 250°F
Specialty: -67°F to 250°F Refrigerants (Freon)
Ammonia
Some Petroleum Oils
Dilute Acids
Silicone ester Lubricants Ketones (MEK)
Gasoline
Auto / Aircraft Brake Fluids Refrigerant System Seals (Freon O-ring Compatibility, R22 Refrigerant, R134 Refrigerant, R410A Refrigerant, Ammonia O-rings)
Good Wear Resistance
Moderate Compression Set Resistance
Moderate Short-Term Resilience
Good Permeation Resistance

Polyurethane

Standard: -30°F to 180°F
Specialty: -65°F to 250°F Drive Belts
Some Petroleum Oils
Some Hydrocarbon Fuels
Oxygen / Ozone Ketones (MEK)
Acids
Auto / Aircraft Brake Fluids
Chlorinated Hydrocarbons
Water Mechanical Seals and Assemblies
Fluid Transfer System Seals
Hydraulic System Seals and Assemblies Excellent Wear Resistance
Poor Compression Set Resistance
Excellent Short-Term Resilience

Fluorosilicone

Standard: -80°F to 350°F
Specialty: -100°F to 350°F Jet Fuel
Dry Heat
Wide Temperature Range
Some Petroleum Oils
Chlorinated Solvents Ketones (MEK)
Phosphate Esters
Some Acids
Auto / Aircraft Brake Fluids
Amines (Ammonia) Aerospace O-rings and Aerospace Rubber Sheets (SAE Compliant O-rings, AMS O-rings, MIL O-rings)
Automotive Compliant O-rings and Gaskets
Chemical Processing O-rings (CPI Gaskets) Poor Wear Resistance
Moderate Compression Set Resistance
Moderate Short-Term Resilience
Poor Permeation Resistance

Teflon® Encapsulated

Varies with O-ring Energizer Material Chemical Resistance
Heat Resistance
High Pressure Seals Hardware Requiring a Stretch Fit
Fitting Over Sharp Edges or Burrs Chemical Processing O-rings (CPI Seals)
Chemical Handling O-rings
Chemical Storage O-rings Good Wear Resistance
Good  Short-Term Resilience
Good Permeation Resistance

Teflon®

Standard: -250°F to 450°F
Specialty: -300°F to 500°F O-ring Chemical Compatibility
Fuel Resistance
Low Coefficient of Friction Hardware Requiring a Stretch Fit
Fitting Over Sharp Edges or Burrs Chemical Processing Gaskets (CPI Seals)
Chemical Handling Gaskets
Chemical Storage Gaskets Good Wear Resistance
Low Coefficient of Friction

Material

Temperature Range

Relative Price

Recommended Uses

Not Recommended For

Common Industry Applications:

Mechanical Properties

The temperature ranges presented above are approximations for dry air service only and should not be used to determine design specifications or end-use temperature limits. Actual temperature range of a compound in an end-use application is highly dependent on part type, hardware configuration, applied forces, chemical media, pressure and thermal cycling effects, and other factors. The most practical way of determining an end-use temperature range is testing in the actual application conditions. Consult a Marco Engineer for more details.


Selecting an O-Ring material for a specific application depends on many important criteria including:
Service Conditions (media to be sealed, temperature range, pressure/vacuum range, dynamic motion)
Design Attributes (component geometry, desired service life, installation considerations, tolerances)

This guide is intended for general reference use only.
The materials and compound numbers listed are the most commonly used.
There are numerous compound variations designed for specific applications.
For demanding applications, please provide all the details to our application engineers for a recommendation.


Don't see what you need?  Please contact an application engineer for assistance in selecting the compound that provides the best combination of performance and price for your specific application.

O-Rings are an integral component in most industrial and mechanical systems. Because o-ring material selection is driven by an industrial or mechanical system, that system will define which material is best suited to fulfill the application requirements of the O-Ring. Therefore, the best O-Ring material is the material best-suited for the application. Today, the familiar donut-shaped gasket is used in a variety of static or dynamic applications and is one of the most common seals used in machinery throughout the world.

The O-Ring is very much an indispensable component. Any mechanical system whose parts requires fluids, oils, or like lubrication to function also requires gaskets such as O-Rings. Gaskets act as seals when compressed between surfaces. The seals do just that—they join mechanisms together within a mechanical device and prevent leakage or spills from seeping out of the device. They are the most widely used sealing product. With the further development of elastic polymer materials, O-Rings are utilized in nearly any mechanical application under any environmental condition or temperature, with exceptional chemical compatibility.

When O-Ring failure does happen, it may be a result of such factors as improper installation, lubrication, or incorrect size. Above all, selecting the wrong material for the application can greatly contribute to product failure. O-Rings are made through a number of manufacturing techniques such as injection or compression molding, or extrusion, with a number of elastomeric materials.

What is the Best O-Ring Material For the Application?

The diversity of O-Ring applications in large part is due to the wide variety of material used in its fabrication. O-Rings are manufactured with elastic polymers known as elastomers. When you think of elastomers, think elastic—the prime mechanical property that sets it apart from other polymers. These polymers are cured most often through vulcanization. The process produces long rubber molecules to resulting in improved elasticity, tensile strength, durability, viscosity, hardness and weather resistance. Different elastomeric materials have different properties for different applications. Some may be more elastic and others may be more weather resistant.

The key in O-Ring material selection is in ensuring the components mechanical properties are compatible with the sealing requirements for the device. Because your engineer or contractor may not always be on hand to consult, knowing which type of elastomer is compatible can be the difference between downtime and productive time. To assist with your decisions, here are six of the more common O-Ring materials and the mechanical properties they are best suited for:

  • Nitrile (Buna-N) is a general purpose material suited for petroleum oils, water, and some hydraulic fluids. It is an inexpensive popular seal that is also resistant to tears and abrasive treatment and will function in temperatures between -35 degrees Fahrenheit and 250 degrees Fahrenheit. It has good wear resistance and good compression set resistance, too. The material is not well-suited for automotive brake fluid, ketones, phosphate ester hydraulic fluids, or nitro and halogenated hydrocarbons. Its ozone and weather resistant can be improved through compounding.
  • Ethylene Propylene Rubber (EPR) operates in a temperature range between -60 degrees Fahrenheit to 250 degrees Fahrenheit. EPR offers good heat resistance, as well as sunlight and weathering. EPR O-Rings work well with Skydrol and other hydraulic fluids, as well as applications utilizing steam, water, silicone oils, brake fluids, and alcohols. It has poor resistance to petroleum oils and fuels.
  • Fluorocarbon (Viton) is an all-around, versatile material with excellent high-temperature capability. Its temperature range is -15 to 400 degrees Fahrenheit. It can handle a number of applications and is suited for use with petroleum oils, silicone fluids and gases, acids and some halogenated hydrocarbons, and like carbon tetrachloride. It is not for use with Skydrol, amines, esters, and ethers with low molecular weight, hot hydrofluoric acids, and hot water or steam.
  • Neoprene is commonly used to seal refrigerants in refrigeration and air conditioning units. It has very good resistance to tears, flexing, sunlight, and weathering. It is well-suited for use with alcohol, engine coolant, vegetable oils or animal fats, and ammonia refrigerants. It has a temperature range of -40 to 450 degrees Fahrenheit. It should not be used with petroleum oils and fuels, and because finished neoprene products are often compounded with lead-based agents, it can be hazardous to human health.
  • Polyurethane has a temperature range of -60 degrees Fahrenheit to 200 degrees Fahrenheit. It’s known for its general toughness and features abrasion and extrusion resistance. You’ll find the material used with petroleum oils, oxygen/ozone chlorinated solvents. Polyurethane O-rings can be found in hydraulic fittings, cylinders and valves, pneumatic tools, and firearms. It is not good with ketones, acid, and water-based applications.
  • Silicone has been shown to withstand -175 degrees Fahrenheit for short periods of exposure and can operate in a range between -120 degrees Fahrenheit and 450 degrees Fahrenheit. Because silicone has a poor tear and abrasion resistance, and low tensile strength, it is better suited for static applications than dynamic ones. It performs well with vegetable oils, alcohol, oxygen, ozone, in dry heat, sunlight, and weathering. It’s also odorless and non-toxic.

Need Help with O-Ring Material Selection?

Knowing the performance requirements for your sealing applications is an important step in selecting the right material for the job. Whether your seal will be subjected to rugged environments, temperature extremes or harsh chemicals will all play a part in your selecting an O-Ring. To meet your sealing application requirements, do not hesitate to consult with an expert at Manufacturer’s Rubber & Supply before making your final choice.

O-Ring Material Chart Rubber Selection Guide Quick Reference

A Simple Guide to O-Ring Material Selection